Decentralized output feedback stabilization for switched stochastic high-order nonlinear systems with time-varying state/input delays

This paper investigates decentralized output feedback stabilization problem for a class of switched stochastic high-order systems with time-varying state/input delays. With the help of coordinate transformations, a scaling gain is incorporated into the observers and controllers for the nominal system. Based on the homogeneous domination approach and stochastic Lyapunov–Krasovskii stability theorem, it is shown that global asymptotic stability in probability of the closed-loop system can be implemented by tuning the scaling gain. Two examples are given to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed control method.     

Approximate analytical expressions for pulse modulation response of quantum cascade lasers

Approximate analytical expressions for turn-on delay, rise time and fall time for pulse modulation of the drive current of quantum cascade lasers are presented. These time expressions are obtained using piece-wise analysis of rate equations. From the analytical expressions, the effects of laser parameters and off and on currents are discussed. A numerical analysis shows reasonable agreement with analytical results. It also confirms the predictions from analytical results. The pulse response is compared with that of near-infrared interband lasers.     

Unity direct chain with feedback series impedance based innovative negative group delay circuit

An innovative negative group delay (NGD) circuit theory on unity direct chain (UDC) topology is developed in this paper. The NGD UDC cells are based on the operational amplifier adder with feedback series impedance. Innovative topologies of high-pass NGD UDC cell composed of RL-series network, all-pass RC-parallel network and low-pass RC-series network are identified. It is a first time that all-pass NGD original topologies are defined. NGD analyses and synthesis methods of each NGD UDC cells are provided. The UDC cell based NGD functions are validated with SPICE simulations. The proofs-of-concept (POC) of UDCs behave as all-pass and low-pass NGD functions with group delay equal to −1 ms at very low frequencies. The low-pass NGD cut-off frequency is 424 Hz. The high pass NGD circuit generates −1 µs at the optimal NGD frequency of about 5.15 kHz. Further analysis of the operational amplifier gain and bandwidth effects is performed. The operational amplifier gain affects significantly the NGD level and bandwidth for the all considered UDC cells. Nevertheless, only the RC-parallel feedback based UDC cell is particularly sensitive to the operational bandwidth.     

High-Speed Trains Automatic Operation with Protection Constraints: A Resilient Nonlinear Gain-based Feedback Control Approach

This paper addresses the control design for automatic train operation of high-speed trains with protection constraints. A new resilient nonlinear gain-based feedback control approach is proposed, which is capable of guaranteeing, under some proper non-restrictive initial conditions, the protection constraints control raised by the distance-to-go (moving authority) curve and automatic train protection in practice. A new hyperbolic tangent function-based model is presented to mimic the whole operation process of high-speed trains. The proposed feedback control methods are easily implementable and computationally inexpensive because the presence of only two feedback gains guarantee satisfactory tracking performance and closed-loop stability, no adaptations of unknown parameters, function approximation of unknown nonlinearities, and attenuation of external disturbances in the proposed control strategies. Finally, rigorous proofs and comparative simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.      

基于双层修正无迹卡尔曼的水下节点定位算法* .txt

摘要：针对水下无线传感网络中运动节点定位精度低的问题，提出了一种新的基于双层修正无迹卡尔曼的水下节点定位算法(DLMUKF)。该算法利用下层无迹卡尔曼滤波算法对节点状态进行预测，根据各信标节点的测距传播时延对预测的节点状态进行修正。运用上层无迹卡尔曼滤波算法对修正后的状态进行新的预测与修正。仿真实验中，DLMUKF算法的平均定位误差约为传统多边定位算法的15%，约为基于无迹卡尔曼滤波（UKF）定位算法的16%，受节点运动时间与速度的影响最小。通过实验证明DLMUKF算法能更充分利用实际距离值，可以有效减小运动节点的定位误差。 .txt     

最低点火温度条件下煤粉自燃特性试验研究

火电厂及煤化工行业中需要将原煤加工成煤粉,煤粉在制备及输送过程中具有粒度小、环境温度高和供氧条件充分等特点,易发生自燃现象。最低点火温度Tm指在一定条件下煤粉能够发生自燃的最低环境温度,是衡量煤粉自燃危险性的重要参数。因此,研究煤粉在最低点火温度下的自燃特性参数及热动力学行为,对了解在最低点火温度时煤粉自燃行为、建立相应的预警机制具有重要意义。以3种不同变质程度的煤粉(张家卯弱黏煤ZJM、兖州气煤YZ和长治贫瘦煤CZ)为研究对象,采用油浴程序控温试验装置对煤样自燃特性进行测试,确定了3种煤粉的Tm和延迟点火时间ti;得出最低点火温度下各煤样耗氧速率、CO及C2H4产生量的变化规律;采用热动力学分析方法计算了3种煤粉的表观活化能。试验结果表明:①ZJM、YZ和CZ煤粉的最低点火温度分别为120、130、164℃,随变质程度的增加而增加;煤的变质程度越高,内部活性基团数量越少,自燃需要热量更多,导致高变质程度煤的最低点火温度较高;3种煤粉在最低点火温度处的延迟点火时间均约为20 min。②耗氧速率呈现出先增加后缓慢减少的趋势,在试验后期由于氧气浓度较低,引起煤粉氧化反应强度降低,最终导致耗氧速率出现缓慢下降;最低点火温度处的CO产生量随时间呈现出先升高后降低趋势,当煤粉温度约120℃时,产生C2H4。③最低点火温度处ZJM、YZ和CZ煤粉的表观活化能分别为24.33、29.50和18.67 kJ/mol,其中变质程度最高的CZ煤粉的表观活化能低于另外2个煤样,这表明高变质程度煤样的最低点火温度高,初期氧化反应速率较高。     

Novel method of constructing generalized Hoberman sphere mechanisms based on deployment axes

This study proposes a method of constructing type II generalized angulated elements (GAEs II) Hoberman sphere mechanisms on the basis of deployment axes that intersect at one point. First, the constraint conditions for inserting n GAEs II into n deployment axes to form a loop are given. The angle constraint conditions of the deployment axes are obtained through a series of linear equations. Second, the connection conditions of two GAEs II loops that share a common deployable center are discussed. Third, a flowchart of constructing the generalized Hoberman sphere mechanism on the basis of deployment axes is provided. Finally, four generalized Hoberman sphere mechanisms based on a fully enclosed regular hexahedron, arithmetic sequence axes, orthonormal arithmetic sequence axes, and spiral-like axes are constructed in accordance with the given arrangement of deployment axes that satisfy the constraint conditions to verify the feasibility of the proposed method.     

Isogeometric topology optimization based on energy penalization for symmetric structure

We present an energy penalization method for isogeometric topology optimization using moving morphable components (ITO–MMC), propose an ITO–MMC with an additional bilateral or periodic symmetric constraint for symmetric structures, and then extend the proposed energy penalization method to an ITO–MMC with a symmetric constraint. The energy penalization method can solve the problems of numerical instability and convergence for the ITO–MMC and the ITO–MMC subjected to the structural symmetric constraint with asymmetric loads. Topology optimization problems of asymmetric, bilateral symmetric, and periodic symmetric structures are discussed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed energy penalization approach. Compared with the conventional ITO–MMC, the energy penalization method for the ITO–MMC can improve the convergence rate from 18.6% to 44.5% for the optimization of the asymmetric structure. For the ITO–MMC under a bilateral symmetric constraint, the proposed method can reduce the objective value by 5.6% and obtain a final optimized topology that has a clear boundary with decreased iterations. For the ITO–MMC under a periodic symmetric constraint, the proposed energy penalization method can dramatically reduce the number of iterations and obtain a speedup of more than 2.     

Full and reduced-order H∞ filtering of Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy time-varying delay systems: Input–output approach

This article addresses the issue of delay-dependent H_∞ filtering design for TakagiŮSugeno fuzzy time-varying delay systems using the input–output approach. A three-term approximation model has been used to transform the original system into two interconnected subsystems. Since the nonquadratic Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional requires to deal with the membership function's (MF) time derivative, upper-bound inequalities have been added to the obtained conditions. Based on the scaled small gain theorem, nonquadratic Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional approach and considering the bounds of the MF time-derivative, the H_∞ full- and reduced-order filters are designed and then formulated in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the validity of the proposed methods.     

Advanced controller design based on gain and phase margin for microgrid containing PV/WTG/Fuel cell/Electrolyzer/BESS

Nowadays, with the increase in the amount of power generation related to renewable energy resources, the need for energy storage and management is raised. In this regard, the hydrogen energy plays a critical role in the development of renewable technologies. In view of the above, advanced controller design is presented in this paper to effectively perform load frequency control of islanded fuel cell microgrid based on the wind turbine, photovoltaic, fuel cell, electrolyzer, battery energy storage systems, and residential and commercial loads. The controller design is based on the determination of the controller parameters that the fuel cell microgrid system will provide the desired dynamic properties. In the proposed controller design, virtual gain and phase margin testers are added to provide the desired dynamic properties. The controller's stable parameter plane is determined with the help of the stability boundary locus method, taking into account time delay, gain, and phase margin. First, the accuracy of the stable parameter plane determined for the proposed controller design is demonstrated by means of time domain and eigenvalue analyzes. Finally, in order to show the performance of the advanced controller design and the success of the fuel cell as a backup generator, analysis studies have been carried out using actual data of solar and wind, and appropriate changes of load in studied microgrid.